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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

民政部：养老机构疫情防控总体上严于社会面******

　　中新网北京1月11日电 (马帅莎)实施“乙类乙管”措施后，作为重点机构和重点场所的养老机构如何防控疫情？在11日的国务院联防联控机制新闻发布会上，民政部养老服务司副司长李邦华表示，养老机构的疫情防控总体上严于社会面，强调因时因势动态优化调整。

　　李邦华介绍，现在全国有4万多个养老机构，入住老年人220多万人，这些老年人多数是高龄、失能和有基础病的老年人，一旦养老机构发生感染就容易形成聚集性感染，而且老年人感染后，重症风险比较高。民政部按照“乙类乙管”阶段“保健康、防重症”的总体部署，结合养老机构的特点，坚持“关口前移”，会同卫生健康和疾控部门，着力预防和减少老年人重症的发生。

　　“关口前移”的具体措施包括指导养老机构每天做好至少两次的健康监测和每周两次的核酸或抗原检测，以期能做到“早发现”；落实养老机构老年人分类分级的健康服务，对重点老年人给予重点关注和老年人重症前期的“早识别”；发挥养老机构内社医疗机构和定点协议的医疗机构的作用，做到感染老年人诊疗的“早干预”；健全养老机构感染者的转运机制和就医绿色通道，优先为养老机构的老年人安排接诊和病床，做到“早转诊”。

　　他指出，国务院联防联控机制综合组印发了《养老机构新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控操作指南》(简称《指南》)，对养老机构疫情防控提出了具体要求。总的来说，养老机构的疫情防控总体上严于社会面。在疫情流行期间，经属地联防联控机制批准同意，可以在加强人员进出健康监测的基础上有序开放管理。在疫情严重期间，由当地党委政府或联防联控机制，经科学评估适时采取封闭管理。相对于其他社会机构来讲，养老机构的防控要求更严格，目的就是保护入住老年人的生命安全和身体健康，加强对重点人群、重点机构的重点保护。

　　同时，《指南》也强调因时因势动态优化调整，一个地区的养老机构是封闭管理还是有序开放管理，需要由当地党委政府或联防联控机制结合当地实际情况，统筹考虑当地疫情的流行情况、养老机构防控的情况、当地医疗资源的负荷情况以及社会运转情况等，做到动态调整。总体上希望养老机构能够避免在当地社会面感染高峰的时候出现大量感染。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）